This article takes an in-depth look at how magmeters work, the different types of magmeters, and useful equations for calculating flow rates using a magmeter. An electromagnetic flow meter, often called a “magmeter,” is a device used to measure the flow rate of conductive liquids in a pipe. There are several advantages to magmeters, mostly … Read more
In this article, we will discuss the application and identification of NPN sensors, clarifying why they work and how to properly use them in a control circuit setting. Most engineers and technicians envision sensors as being the device that sends process information into a control system such as a PLC, VFD, or similar. That thought … Read more
This article discusses some of the encoder types, signal types, and wiring needed for synchronous serial interface (SSI) protocol. Many encoders use a form of signal communication called SSI (synchronous serial interface). Although the name contains the term serial, like the common industrial serial RS-232 protocols, this is a simple way to transmit information. This … Read more
A typical control system uses PNP sensors and tends to be easier to visualize. For opposite polarity systems, the NPN sensor is the only compatible sensor type. Learn more about NPN sensors, including characteristics and uses. In a typical control system, the primary method of sending input signals to a PLC is by first powering … Read more
This article introduces Gray code, a specialized binary arrangement necessary for absolute encoders to communicate with controllers. Computer processors that run virtually all modern control systems speak in a unique language. Values of on/off relate to the ‘binary’ system, usually represented as 1 and 0. This system works well for most industrial sensors, but one … Read more
This article looks at rotary encoders, covering the main types, introducing their characteristics, and introducing their key applications in control systems. Rotary encoders are one of the most important elements of industrial automation. With their compact design, high reliability, and ability to withstand any type of environment, they have won the confidence of almost all … Read more
The wide variety of sensors available for control systems leads to the daunting task of selecting the proper device. Different types of machines and programmable controllers require careful attention to detail when selecting appropriate sensors. Nearly every modern machine that needs to be repaired or upgraded has very specific requirements of what sort of data … Read more
Why do we need to use PNP sensors in certain applications, and which markings and diagrams allow us to identify these devices? Integrating sensors into control systems can be a tricky process. Not only is there a wide diversity of sensor types, but there are also competing electrical characteristics I love programmable control systems. They … Read more
Sensors with timer functions advance modern automation systems, enhancing the precision and flexibility of in-process controls to ease the strict requirement for an external, clock-based logic CPU. Modern, sophisticated sensors often include integrated timing capabilities, allowing for precise coordination of actions based on input signals. These sensors offer a range of functionalities, including on delay, … Read more
Sensor networks with built-in logic functions can save cost and program execution speed, but what are those various logic functions, and when might they be preferred over normal PLC ladder logic? The logic functions that exist within some sensors are fundamental operations that process input signals to determine an output. These functions help the sensor … Read more